A Coup in Niger- Implications for France’s Interests in the Sahel

By Zach A. Hyellamada

Paris is deeply concerned by the recent military coup in Niger, which poses potential risks for France, its only remaining ally in the Sahel region. While the immediate political vacuum created by the coup raises alarm, the long-term impact on France’s economic and military interests will require careful observation.

The attempted coup unfolded when Niger’s presidential guard barricaded President Mohamed Bazoum, a pro-Western leader, in his residence. Colonel Amadou Abdramane, speaking on behalf of the soldiers, cited the deteriorating security situation and bad governance as reasons for their actions. France’s Foreign Minister, Catherine Colonna, swiftly condemned any attempt at seizing power through force, aligning with Ecowas and the African Union’s call for a return to democratic order.

The situation in Niger reflects a growing trend of military takeovers in the Sahel region, with neighboring countries like Mali and Burkina Faso also experiencing similar incidents. Notably, these countries have distanced themselves from former colonial power France, thereby affecting France’s influence in the region.

Emmanuel Dupuy, the head of the IPSE think tank specializing in security in Europe, highlights the significance of Niger as France’s closest ally in the Sahel. However, with the recent putsch, four out of the remaining G5 Sahel countries are now under military rule, further impacting France’s regional relationships.

The root cause of the rebellion in Niger remains somewhat obscure, though it appears linked to recent attempts to remove General Omar Tchiani, the head of the presidential guard.

Considering France’s military interests, Niger plays a crucial role in the fight against jihadist insurgency in the Sahel. In the aftermath of France’s withdrawal from Mali due to strained relations with the military junta, Niger welcomed around 1,500 French troops to continue combating terrorism. Dupuy believes the coup does not currently threaten French forces, as the military in power were previously regarded as security partners, cooperating with various nations, including France.

Although the coup leaders have expressed no desire for foreign interference, concerns linger about their future intentions, particularly regarding the armed forces’ alignment with the overthrow.
Furthermore, France’s economic interests in Niger revolve around uranium extraction, essential for powering its nuclear plants. Sylvain Maillard, head of Macron’s Renaissance party, emphasizes the country’s vigilance regarding the situation’s impact on France’s economic concerns. While uncertainty surrounds the coup leaders’ plans, Dupuy reassures that current economic interests are not immediately endangered. France will continue to obtain uranium from mines in Agadez, and the Nigerien army will safeguard uranium convoys.

However, the political vacuum left by the coup remains a cause for concern. It could create an opportunity for external actors, such as Moscow or Russian paramilitary organization Wagner, to intervene in Niger.
As the situation unfolds, France will closely monitor developments in Niger to safeguard its interests in the region. The coup’s implications on security, stability, and economic ties between France and Niger demand careful attention and diplomatic efforts to ensure a peaceful and prosperous future for both nations and the Sahel region at large.